This past week in an ongoing discussion on his blog (www.patrickmead.net/tentpegs) Patrick Mead referenced the book I wrote last year on the first major division that took place within the American Restoration Movement.
I enjoy reading Patrick's blog and am usually challenged by what he writes. He is a wonderful speaker, and a godly man. Below, I have included his mention of the book and have also pasted his comments that followed.
Enjoy.
And thanks again, Patrick. Your encouragement means a great deal to me.
Rivers and Rubicons, Pt. 3
Patrick Mead
There have been very few psychological/sociological/historical studies done on the split between the Disciples of Christ, the Christian Church, and the Churches of Christ. A lot of purely historical works are out there as well as many polemical broadsides, but, for the average reader, not much is there to explain how people came up with their stands for or against — in this case — the instrument in worship or associations to deal with issues larger than one congregation (such as missionary societies). A good man, and a good friend, named Ben Brewster, the minister for the Airline Drive Church of Christ in Bossier City, LA, wrote a little book in 2006 entitled "Torn Asunder: The Civil War and the 1906 Division of the Disciples" that is well worth reading. College Press printed it and it is still available.
That said — don’t assume Ben agrees with me. I’d hate to get a good man in trouble!
Giving a quick and easy view of history is always tough, but here goes: Most churches of any stripe didn’t use instruments in their worship during the first century of the Republic because they were expensive, hard to get, and hard to maintain. Those that had them, prized them, but most did without. One of the hallmarks of the Restoration Movement (the religious movement that gave birth to our tribe…and a few other tribes) was that we should only bring into our corporate religious life those things upon which all right thinking individuals could agree. Spot the problem already? At that time, society was much more homogeneous than it is today. Or, at least, it was perceived to be so. The prevailing system of thought was Scottish Rationalism and that, along with English Common Law and a smattering of the Napoleonic Code shaped discourse and determined what was right and reasonable. Read a hundred pages or so, at random of The Federalist Papers for example.
The churches that united from all streams of the Restoration were diverse. An incomplete, but interesting and readable, survey of their differences can be found in "Distant Voices" by Leonard Allen. Some churches had women who were vocal leaders and others did not. Some used the instrument but the majority didn’t. Some believed that Jesus was co-equal with God while others believed he was a created being — first among all creation, but created, nonetheless. Some believed that the Holy Spirit dwelt only in the pages of Scripture. Others believed that the Holy Spirit could fall on them and cause manifestations such as tongues, fainting, etc.
And yet…they stayed united. Until the war. Some Disciples were then, as some are now, pacifists. That would include Alexander Campbell (though he was not entirely consistent throughout his life in that). Others believed that they had to defend their homeland (State) against intrusion by the Federal government. Others believed that slavery was a great evil that had to be destroyed — by force of arms if necessary. Even that did not divide the early churches of Christ/Disciples.
And then the Northern churches — not all, by any stretch, but some of the largest and most influential — gathered together to issue a statement that any who fought for the Southern side were sinners; they and their churches had fallen from the faith. The southern brethren were, understandably, aghast at this. Our churches had never been prone to gathering and making such broad statements, much less sawing away a huge section of the brotherhood, setting them adrift and considering them no longer brethren. That attitude had shown up before in spots, but it would soon become epidemic in our tribe. Some sections of our tribe — to this day –spend all their time hunting new brothers to mark and disfellowship.
The Northern churches were educated and wealthy. They had located preachers, schooled in seminaries, and the money to have instruments, nice buildings, songbooks, and a bit of style in their dress and worship. Southern churches were almost entirely poor, rural, full of dedicated — but uneducated — members, led by preachers who made the rounds and preached in a rabble rousing, emotional, lengthy style. They had no money for pretty buildings, so theirs were plain and unadorned, as were their clothes and lifestyles. They viewed their Northern brethren with suspicion, considering them worldly since they dressed up so fine, had university schooled ministers, and adopted ways that looked suspiciously like mainline European churches.
Even during this terrible time, most churches considered those on the other side their brethren, but the tensions continued to grow. Firebrand preachers in the north and south railed against those on the other side. Soon, it wasn’t war or slavery that was the issue, but personalities and styles. Northern preachers made fun of the poor, plain, and ignorant Southerners. Southern preachers made fun of the prissy, sissy, full of frippery Northerners.
Enter scholasticism. Both sides began to read the Bible to find ways to prove that God liked them best. It took 40 years of this before the division became open and official. David Lipscomb announced to the Census Bureau that his side wasn’t to be lumped in with the northern side in their equations. In 1906, the die was cast and the line was drawn. In many places, that wasn’t accepted. In the lifetime of some who might read this blog, there were noninstrumental Disciples of Christ churches, and Churches of Christ that didn’t mind using them. Names on the door didn’t become standardized until the 1960’s (and in some sections of the Midwest, what is usually known as the Christian Church is still signposted as Church of Christ). All during the 1920s-1950’s the arguments were honed, hearts hardened, and the "other side" attacked. Divisions were created, widened, and hardened by strong personalities wielding "brotherhood" papers. Today, some of their descendants use websites for the same purpose — to divide the brethren while gaining a bit of power, a bit of ground, for themselves.
Note that the instrument did not cause the division. There were some cases in which a congregation was split when someone brought in an instrument over the objections of some or most of the members. Those are usually cited as the reasons for the split, but those reasons were far more political and based on personality than they were based on scripture. Some have said, "If bringing in an instrument causes some to walk out, then it is divisive and shouldn’t be brought in." That argument sounds good for about ten seconds, but think about it. What makes those who leave less divisive than those who stayed? If scripture does not plainly indicate that God changed His mind about instruments suddenly after the cross, even though He retains them in heaven and Jesus will have them when he returns, how can those leaving be said to be less divisive?
Besides, in every congregation, there are always those ready to leave as soon as anything changes. They will, often, find a way to read their doctrine back into the Scripture, form arguments, and consider themselves righteous. When Campbell, Stone, Johnson, and Scott wrote and published the first songbook in our tribe (I have a copy. It is a tiny book), quite a few people thought they had left the faith. It is no different today when people attack praise teams, PowerPoint, or praise songs. "If I’m uncomfortable, God’s uncomfortable" is an attitude that is all too pervasive; but not surprising. You see, we have always tended to worship the false god in the mirror and claim he is Jehovah.
Rochester Church, in case you are wondering, has decided to continue worshiping acapella on Sunday morning. We love our tradition and we believe that we honor God and build up each other as we sing. We see no compelling reason to change. However, we are not opposed to those who sing another way. We will not spend our time and energy attacking them as if they were enemies of Christ.
Labels: American Restoration Movement, division, Patrick Mead, Torn Asunder